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Facial Trauma

Clinical

Radiological Approach

Buttress Fractures Pterygoid Process Classification Sub-Classification or Notes
Multiple Fractured LeFort I Anterolateral margin of the nasal fossa.
LeFort II Inferior Orbital Rim
LeFort III Zygomatic Arch
Not fractured Medial = Naso-orbito-ethmoidal complex. Markowitz & Manson Type 1 -> Medial canthal tendon is intact and connected to a single large fracture fragment.
Type II -> Fracture comminuted but the tendon is attached to a single bone fracture.
Type III -> Comminution extends to the medial canthal tendon insertion site on the anterior medial orbital wall at the level of the lacrimal fossa leading to tendon avulsion.
Lateral = Zygomaticomaxillary complex
One or a few only Mandible = Characterised by location.
Orbital Fractures
Frontal Sinus Fractures
Alveolar Process
Nasal Bone

General

Basic Anatomic Division

Mandible

Mandible Sites

Mandible Sites

Mandible Sites